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Links: Wishing I Had A/C


Image © Jonathan Haeber.
  • Optical illusions, or perceptual illusions? According to the NYT, many of these tricks are due to our brain’s need to predict the future in order to process the present. Deep. (Story here and here.)
  • Courtroom sketches from the 9/11 co-conspirator trials in Guantánamo.
  • Snowdon is an example of the type of photographer who parlays a lot of connections into a highly successful career, making iconic images of artists, royals, and stars. But I never knew all the sordid details of his love life–until now.
  • Two different reads on Michelle Obama’s image: a fluffier piece from the Post and a more reportorial one from the NYT.
  • Fascinating pics from Michael Jackson’s Neverland Ranch–including the one above–by Jonathan Haeber, located here.

“Looking Through the Lens” at the BMA

“Looking Through the Lens” is a show that succeeds even as it fails. The exhibition, which closes Sunday, is the Baltimore Museum of Art’s first major, long-term photographic survey, covering roughly the first half of the twentieth century.

Any survey of this kind should be understood primarily as an educational tool. There’s no radical re-interpretation of photographic history here, which is fine. “Looking” begins with the influences of pictorialism and Stieglitz’s Camera Work, then proceeds through modernism, surrealism, FSA documentary work–the usual suspects. Only to describe “Looking” that way is to give it a cohesiveness and narrative thread that the show lacks.


Image © the Estate of Paul Outerbridge.

The BMA’s description refers to the guiding principal of arrangement as “thematic,” an ambiguous term that in this case means a more or less traditional, chronological organization. As a whole, though, the layout of the show obscures the canonical narrative with a combination of ill-considered placards and unfortunate juxtapositions. Each room of the expansive four-room show contains one or two large placards, all in the same font, designed to shed some light on larger phenomena–or so I thought. The first room consisted of extended descriptions of pictorialism and Camera Work, fine beginning points for any tutorial on early 20th-century photography. The next room discussed modernism. But as the show went on, the placards began to include diverse subjects of widely varying importance, all in equally oversize font. Here’s the full list:

Pictorialism
Camera Work
Modernism
New York Photo League
Paul Outerbridge
LIFE
Edward Weston
FSA
New York School
Institute of Design

Huh? I’m a passionate admirer of Paul Outerbridge, but to pretend that his status in the history of photography should be larger than LIFE is totally absurd. (Pun intended.) Surely the BMA’s curators know better, and never intended to imply such a thing. But the show’s design leaves the average or even somewhat educated observer in doubt about how much each of these cultural influences mattered. It’s useless to argue that the BMA was trying to somehow subvert the canonical norms of photo history–this show bears too strong a resemblance to the “right” story to claim any revisionist agenda.

Add to this confusion the unexplained visual run-ons that occur throughout the show. The first room discusses Camera Work and includes an entire wall of beautiful photogravures and prints taken from the original magazine. Wow. But this wall abuts another that contains some “Equivalents” and other gelatin prints by Stieglitz, then a wall of early documentary work and portraiture by Sander, Hine, Van Der Zee, and Bellocq. While many of these pictures–like numerous prints in every room–are accompanied by accessible, well-researched descriptions, the transition between these three (four?) genres is never justified. To the untutored eye, it would appear that Van Der Zee was part of the Camera Work crowd. This kind of sloppiness is disturbing in an educational exhibit, and it occurs more than once, as when Brassaï, Roman Vishniac, and Henri Cartier-Bresson are bizarrely sandwiched between Outerbridge and the Photo League.

Still, “Looking” is hardly an unqualified failure. It’s a wonderful showcase of the surprising quality and breadth of the collection the BMA has accumulated over the years. As a Baltimore native, I felt proud. Highlights include several of the works I’ve already mentioned–a complete set of Camera Work and several jaw-dropping Color Carbro prints by the master of early color/notorious nude fetishist Paul Outerbridge–as well as a number of other great works: the Surrealist photobook Mr. Knife, Miss Fork; vintage prints by Meatyard, Weston, and many others; a panoramic view of Calvert Street after the devastating Baltimore fire in 1904; and a breathtaking album of Great Chebeague Island made by Charles Norman Sladen. (It was this last that drew me back to the exhibit after an initial walk-through a month ago…thanks to MAN for the recent reminder.) The descriptive panels next to individual photographs contain wonderful little tidbits and anecdotes for the amateur and the professional photo lover alike. Take for example this little note, transcribed by the curators from the back of a vintage Weston Pepper:

–As you like it–
–but this is a pepper–
–nothing else–
–to the impure all things
are impure–Peter dear–
xxxEdward

“Looking” closes this weekend, with a farewell party tonight (Friday). The individual books and photographs stand as proof of the relatively untouted strength of the BMA, but the show as a whole suggests that more of the wisdom spent building the collection should be directed toward the way the works are presented to the public.

Links: Happy June


Image © Rafal Milach.
  • Great photo selections from FotoGrafia and World Press Photo 2008 over at We Make Money Not Art.
  • How to make three-dimensional animals from print advertising. Or virtual three-dimensional animals, anyway.
  • Paul Fusco describes the happy accident that became RFK Funeral Train.
  • Tattoos and the NBA: “At one time, people got tattoos to be different, now it seems like they get tattoos to be the same.”
  • Want something more thought-provoking than those jock tattoos? Try scientist tattoos.

The “Click!” Submission Pool

This week the judging period for “Click!”–the crowd-curated exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum–closed. I evaluated roughly 250 of the almost 400 photographs online. It was really a mixed bag; every twenty photos or so, there was an image that really popped out from the rest. Whether we’ll end up seeing all those images together in the final show depends on whether other reviewers of my self-described experience level agreed with my evaluations of which images were best. Regardless, it’s a great experiment, and I’m glad the Brooklyn Museum has undertaken it. I hope the final show, however good or bad the works in it, is artfully displayed.

A number of image “types” kept reappearing in this pool, forcing any thoughtful reviewer to get pickier and pickier as the same subjects popped up endlessly. The main culprits were:

Children

A number of photographers decided to picture “the changing faces of Brooklyn” in the most literal sense–by photographing the faces of young Brooklynites. Bonus points to anyone who got a biracial kid in their photo, thereby symbolizing something or other about the melting pot that blah blah blah. Very, very few of these photographs had any merit greater than acting as a starting block from which the photographer could launch into a poetic meditation on the new generation growing up in changing surroundings. (More on this later–although I think it’s partly the theme’s fault.)

Ruins and Construction

Ruins, that time-tested photo subject, made another strong–by which I mean frequent–showing in this pool. Many photographers tried to throw in a crane, a slickly modern building, or a colonizing chain store (IKEA, Starbucks) to capture the changing facades of Brooklyn. It’s a step closer to the abstract than children’s faces, but a very small step. Occasionally, when ruins ended up as a backdrop for some other scene or observation, they worked nicely.

Coney Island

Who doesn’t love Coney Island? And now that it’s undergoing a major development project, it’s a better photographic subject than ever. While a truckload of photos simply showed the Cyclone or the old amusement park without much skill or elaboration, a decent number of Coney Island photos managed to capture something more–the diversity of the crowds caught in an inspired composition, the strange physiognomies that pass on the boardwalk. Maybe I’m just a sucker for this landmark, but I was surprised at the number of Coney photos that rose above the average.

Documents of Graffiti and Homemade Protests

Many people responded to the challenge of picturing “the changing faces of Brooklyn” by documenting OTHER people’s responses to the phenomena, rather than their own–though presumably, they sympathized with the voices they chose to record. While part of a body of work about change should naturally include the way people are responding to that change, most of these images were little more than tossed off snapshots of other people’s signs and art, rarely well-made photographs in their own right.

I’m excited to see this exhibition mounted, and to see where some of my favorites ended up. One temptation I found myself continuously fighting was the urge to read the artist statement out of sheer curiosity. These statements tended to be disastrous, ranging from the incoherent rebellion:

The photo represents the end game, the recycling of an atavistic nightmare. Faces may change but greed remains the same.

to run-of-the-mill photographic platitudes:

Humanity greatly inspires me to capture moments. A second, when captured, keeps that moment alive. Forever.

Many photographers felt the need to dissect their own work, elaborating on their carefully constructed symbolism–almost the exact opposite of the way a great artwork should operate. The phrase “this represents” runs amok through the artist statements. If you know what your photo represents, why bother making it? Why represent what you mean when you can just say it? Great photographs either inadvertently end up representing an idea or they represent something too complicated to be reduced to a single pat explanation. In short, this isn’t an elaborate intellectual production that needs an explanation. The theme of the show is simple, and if someone needs to read your artist statement to understand your photograph, your photograph can’t stand alone–and doesn’t deserve a place in the show.

Links: Inventions

  • The NYT ran a good profile of the legendary Shigeru Miyamoto, inventor of Nintendo-as-we-know-it. Most interesting fact from the article: Miyamoto, who may be best known for his signature characters (Mario, Zelda, etc.), considers characters an afterthought in his creative procedure. He prioritizes gameplay, and thinks that people fall in love with his characters because they enjoy playing as them. It would be interesting to know how many “new media” artists consider Miyamoto/NES a major influence–certainly Cory Arcangel must. (Above, an installation view of Arcangel’s “Super Mario Clouds,” from new folder’s flickr.)
  • MIT researchers are exploring how the human mind intuitively translates very little visual information into a confident guess as to what an object is. As always, context is key. In this case, experimenters have placed the same blurry muddle of pixels into four different blurred pictures, convincingly rendering a bottle, a cell phone, a person, a shoe, and a car–all with the same muddied mass! Count this as evidence that designing visual search engines will be harder than you’d think.
  • Philips has applied for a patent on a shopping window that notices where consumers are looking, then displays further information about the eye-catching product on adjacent screens. They also think the window might be useful in museums, where visitors could learn more about specific details in an artwork or diorama simply by looking at them.

Links: Heard Around the Web

  • Since a common way of bashing certain forms of art is to point out that they emphasize style over content, it’s no big surprise that scientists now think people prioritize content over style when seeing art for the first time. It may also help explain why people have a hard time enjoying the style of abstract art if they can’t first find some kind of content. (via Conscientious)
  • Errol Morris has a great piece that examines why the big smiles in the Abu Ghraib photographs make us want to damn the soldiers involved without trying to understand them. Morris’ NYT blog, Zoom, is generally worth checking out; I’ve added it to the blogroll.
  • Chameleons know how well their enemies see, so they don’t overdo camouflage for predators who wouldn’t appreciate it.
  • Humorist Mike Sacks takes great absurdist photos of TV sets. Unlike many television photographers, he focuses on the picture alone, and the way a single frame juxtaposing image and text can result in a hilarious parody of the 24-hour news cycle. (via Eyeteeth)

Links: The 19th C. Is In

  • The New York Times reports on Paul St. George’s faux Victorian invention, a “tunnel” that connects New York to London so that citizens of these two great cities can communicate with each other. There’s no sound, however, so waves, signing, and written messages will have to do. The five year-old in me is giddy with excitment.
  • The Museum of Mourning Photography is a private collection (visits by appointment) of more than a thousand pieces of photographic mourning memorabilia, 1840 to now. It’s “not intended for morbid fascination,” but morbid fascination certainly helps. Related: Mental Floss’s take on the Victorian memento mori. (Both via Gallery Hopper.)

NYPH: Blog Reactions

It looks like I’m not the only one who was made a little queasy by Tim Barber’s “Various Photographs.” Others include Robert Wright, who also felt the depressing implications of authorlessness in the show, and Jörg Colberg, who was simply disgusted. (According to Wright, even Barber shrugged off responsibility for the thing.)

While I think it was a bad show, I differ from these two in a couple of respects. First, I think Barber can’t be accused of not curating. Curating badly, sure. But as I said before, the individual works in the show were far better than any random Flickr sampling (I wonder if they’ll be better than the Brooklyn Museum’s “Click”?), so Barber clearly picked and chose. The layout may have been poor, but it WAS a layout. Maybe it would be better to call Barber an editor than a curator, since his attention to the works seemed to barely extend beyond choosing them, rather than designing a coherent means for them to be viewed. But again, he was aiming at a certain lack of coherency, a labyrinth through which the viewer would have to design his or her own path. It’s not a bad presentation of his idea–it’s simply a bad idea.

I also think that Wright, while he’s fairer to the show than Colberg, is a bit idealistic in blaming the show for what may be a fault of photography itself–namely, that photographic authorship is a bit flimsier than the authorship exerted in other media. As I wrote Friday, “Various Photographs” diminished that authorship to a depressing extent…but that doesn’t mean that the fault lies only in the show. It may lie in the medium. To my knowledge, Susan Sontag was the first to point out (in On Photography) that photographic “styles”–the way we recognize a photographic author–were essentially artificial, manufactured attempts at a signature that helped individual practitioners gain notoriety. I don’t want to believe that, but I think there is some truth in it. Why would this be the case? Well, for one, photographs can be made with much more ease than most other artistic products. I know, I know, that’s a simplistic statement. But at the most fundamental level, a simple “click” produces an image, whereas drawings, paintings, writing, etc. require a longer time investment in any single product. Over the course of that investment, certain limitations and pre-occupations of the artist are more likely to be imprinted into the work, resulting in a kind of organic or natural style. Later editing, market feedback, etc. may influence that style and make it more artificial, but it still has an opportunity for an organic base that’s at least deficient, if not wholly absent, in photography. So, as odious as Barber’s show may have been, I found myself more disturbed than hateful because it (accidentally?) brings up a point about photographic practice that I think deserves to be addressed.

In other news, I was disappointed to read at Wright’s blog that Simon Norfolk is something of an ass. When faced with tired but viable questions about, say, the aestheticization of horror in photography, it appears that he prefers shutting them down with scare tactics over attempting a frank or even-handed answer. As noted, I enjoyed his work a lot…but did get a whiff of thoughtless rage from his artist statement, which included the sort of peremptory war cry against “Imperial greed” that’s become annoyingly comme il faut. For the record, I do think that the aestheticization of suffering inures the viewer to the gravity of that suffering, and generates conflicted emotions about whether or not that suffering should be allowed to continue. And I see that in almost every beautiful work that deals with suffering. I’m not sure I would have had the guts to be the lone hand in an auditorium listening to a famous photographer, though–which is exactly why Norfolk’s tactics seem so bizarrely, viciously defensive.

The Inaugural New York Photo Festival

For those of you hitting up the inaugural New York Photo Festival this weekend, I’ve done a quick run-through and picked out favorites among the exhibits. Unfortunately, I didn’t have as much time as I would have liked–I had to catch a train down south, so I only had about 2.5 hours there. If you want to see NYPH in full, I’d recommend allotting yourself at LEAST 3.5 hours.

My top picks by section, in no particular order:

Martin Parr’s “New Typologies”
Jeffrey Milstein

Milstein’s beautiful “Aircraft” series employs a simple composition to do a lot of intellectual work. Real jets, seen from below against a blank background (sky?), appear so perfectly aligned, contained, and in such sharp focus that they don’t look real. Instead, they look like toys, but Milstein photographs them with such close attention that they acquire a sort of natural beauty we don’t usually associate with planes. His visual strategy is a common one in photography–to make the familiar rich and strange by showing it close up–but rather than taking a very close look at a regular object, he takes a regular look at an object we normally see from very far away: the bottom of an airplane. Milstein’s careful titles stress the subtle differences we don’t normally see that make each model unique; he approaches these planes with the fascination of an avid bird watcher compiling a guide for the amateur birder.

WassinkLundgren

The photographs from “Empty Bottles” are nice in themselves as images of quiet moments when anonymous urbanites stop to interact with their notoriously impersonal city environment. But they’re even better once you know that this photographic duo didn’t simply seek out these moments–they created them. They placed empty plastic bottles around the city, then photographed passersby as they decided to take a moment to collect them for recycling. So there’s an added aspect of citizenship and environmental conscience, as well as of conceptual documentation, that makes this a rich work.

Kathy Ryan’s “Chisel”
Simon Norfolk

Norfolk’s photographic documentation of what he dubs the “military sublime” is beautiful. His images of missile and satellite launches that leave a fiery, rainbow-like arc in the sky do a fine job of encapsulating the ambivalent beauty and fascination that we experience when confronted with our own wildly destructive technologies. His photo documentation of a miniature model of a missile testing area, which includes a hand-built mini-missile flying off the map, provides eloquent visual testimony to the boyish delight of the scientific and military communities in creating devastating weaponry. (I was also thrilled to see someone using the term “sublime” correctly, in the Burkean sense. Bravo.)

Stephen Gill

Gill gets the “innovative presentation” award for his images of crumpled betting papers salvaged from the floors of gambling hotspots in the UK. (Or maybe the award should go to Ryan?) The simple black-and-white photographs of these organic monuments to disappointment are mounted on a cheap plywood wall (not unique to his exhibit); around them, he’s scrawled captions and an artist’s statement in white chalk. It’s an artful and appropriate method of display that showcases how straight photography can still be an original and powerful force in the photo world.

Lesley A. Martin’s “The Ubiquitous Image”
Claudia Angelmaier

Angelmaier tastefully arranges assorted reproductions of images–in the cases shown here, two Albrecht Dürer works, some art history slides, and a Man Ray postcard–to demonstrate how issues of image control and reproducibility aren’t unprecedented products of the digital age, but actually have a long and complex history. While I was drawn to Angelmaier’s images for purely aesthetic reasons, I’m indebted to Lesley Martin for the conceptual explanation. Unfortunately, the work in “The Ubiquitous Image”–like much of the work at NYPH–doesn’t have artist statements, which makes for some confusion when the title doesn’t explain work that’s theoretically complex. Lesley was around when I stopped by, and was kind enough to talk a little bit about the works on hand. She was as eloquent and engaged as always.

Curtis Mann

Mann takes found photographs and treats them with bleach to selectively eliminate elements. Surrealist work always risks tackiness, but Mann’s collage-like pictures never cross that line–his final products are inevitably beautiful reductions that are a lot more complicated than what he starts with. Maybe because we’re so used to photographs being spliced up, recombined, and botched in the lab, his interventions never grate on the aesthetic sensibility. Instead, they feel like an organic part of it, mimics of darkroom disasters that result in fortuitous, haunting compositions.

Harrell Fletcher

Harrell Fletcher has set up a station to scan, enlarge, and frame the wallet pictures of people who pass through the exhibition–a tactic he also used at SFMOMA in 1998. I love when vernacular photographs are brought into the gallery, and the added element of interactivity makes this a really wonderful contemporary show. It’s easy to lose sight of the everyday roles we assign photography when you spend your entire day wandering from gallery to gallery; Fletcher’s exhibition satisfies the audience’s narcissistic and voyeuristic impulses while pulling photography down from its high-art dais at the same time. Sadly, I won’t be there to see Frankie, my girlfriend’s mom’s dog, go up on the wall this weekend. But if you see a big poster of a curly haired dog in the grass, you know where it’s from.

Tim Barber’s “Various Pictures”

I could call out individual works in “Various Pictures,” but that seems like it might contradict the point of the show. Incidentally, it’s a point that left me a little bit disturbed. (I wish I could have been at the “Curating 2.0″ discussion with Tim Barber, Laurel Ptak, and Jen Bekman–I’m sure it was amazing, and maybe it would have cleared up some of my doldrums.) It seems sort of ironic to me that “Various Pictures” is located right next to “The Ubiquitous Image,” since “VP” feels like a part of that trend of endless jumbled stores of images that the artists in “TUI” seek to order or respond to. There are many good photos in “Some Pictures”–this is clearly a curated space, not some giant Flickr print out–but the end result is dizzying, and you leave with a sense of exhaustion and skepticism about the importance, or possibility of uniqueness, of any individual practitioner. Perhaps that’s the point–to overthrow old hierarchies and histories based on canonical photographers and artificial distinctions of style and quality. But the senseless glut of images that Tim Barber seems to propose as a replacement feels anonymous and unnavigable. Each image is captioned with the photographer’s name, but they may as well not be. Maybe I’m just too old-fashioned to fully embrace the revolution.


I’m sorry I couldn’t see more of the satellite shows. I did stop by the Tobacco Warehouse invitational pavilion, which I didn’t have nearly enough time to explore. MoCP has put up a great show there, including Jonathan Gitelson’s brilliant “Items of Clothing Secretly Hidden By My Girlfriend” and Stacia Yeapanis’s “My Life As A Sim.” I love Gitelson’s work; he’s someone I bookmarked a long time ago and keep meaning to talk more about. Yeapanis’s work was new to me, but I like it–granted, the whole avatar genre of photography has gotten a lot of play recently; still, most of it focuses on Second Life, and I’d never seen this kind of autobiographical documentary applied to the virtual realm before. That’s an oversimplification of the project, but still–it’s nice work. Check it out.

Of course, the show also left me with a number of questions unanswered. The biggest one was “Why hasn’t there been a New York Photo Festival before?” But other frontrunners included:

–What the hell is the satellite show “The Singled Person” supposed to be about? I read the statement, but the way it’s presented makes it virtually unviewable.

–What is Michel Campeau’s “Darkroom” work doing in Parr’s “New Typologies”? I wasn’t sorry to see it again–it’s excellent–but there’s nothing typological about it.

–What is with this trend sweeping contemporary photography, where a bunch of flash-saturated images of everyday people and things are thrown together haphazardly? While I don’t think that style dominates the work of either Melissa Catanese or Lars Tunbjörk, it’s the only kind of work by each that appears in NYPH. Am I the only one noticing this? How many other photographers have series of work that might be described similarly? Matthew Sleeth, for one. Maybe 291 should establish a stylistic guessing game…I’ll consider that as a regular feature.

Until then, I’m signing off. Get out to NYPH if you possibly can.

Top image © Jeffrey Milstein; bottom image © Curtis Mann.

Lee Friedlander: “A Ramble Through Olmstead Parks”

A few weeks ago, I stopped by the Met to check out their “Photography On Photography” show. While it was fine, I was more impressed with another show that I stumbled into while I was there: Lee Friedlander’s Olmstead Park commissions. The Times review that appeared in January was mildly interesting (especially the way it frames Olmstead as a proto-conceptual artist whose works Friedlander is photographing), but I don’t think it really gets at the heart of the show.

Most park photography–and Central Park photography especially–leaves me cold. Bruce Davidson did a fine job on Central Park, but since then I’ve felt that every photographer who chooses the park as a subject owes any success more to the public’s vague feelings of love and nostalgia toward the park than to actual merit. I was afraid that Lee Friedlander, the man who brought humor to high-art photography before humor became a staple of high art, would just be loping along after Davidson in his old age.

I was wrong. Friedlander’s work is wonderfully fresh. The Times mentions Friedlander’s desire to fill up the frame, and Olmstead’s hatred of perfectly groomed “natural spaces,” but the combination of their aesthetics makes for something new. Friedlander crams his frames with what most photographers would consider undesirables–all the twiggy brambles and obscuring leaves that get in the way of the typical “good picture.” This loving attention to the weeds and brambles feels like one of the more honest tributes to Olmstead’s aesthetics that I’ve ever seen. The work becomes even richer in the context of Friedlander’s older photographs. In “Ramble,” he’s using the same compositional style he became known for back in the 1960s for his self portraits. In those images, Friedlander playfully projected his own reflection or shadow onto everything he was photographing, resulting in a hysterically narcissistic comment on the way photographers approach the world. The Olmstead park images are saturated with twigs, grass, and trees where anyone familiar with Friedlander’s work might expect a shadow of the photographer to appear–but it never does. It’s like Friedlander is telling us a time-worn but beloved joke, and leaving us to fill in the punchline.

I was so enamored of Friedlander’s unique take on the parks that I thought seriously about buying the book. Unfortunately, it doesn’t pack the punch of the show. Many of Friedlander’s nicest pictures are close-ups of trees that look like chubby hands and torsos, or similar elements from various parks. In the show, these photographs are interspersed with other pictures of bridges, fields, leaves, etc. In the book, however, many spreads plug multiple photos of things like trees into rows, lending these sequences a typological aspect that really diminishes the power of each individual image. Any further intention I had to buy the book was quashed by the $85 price tag. Sadly, the show closed last weekend–so the book is the closest you can get to seeing Friedlander’s works as they were artfully arranged by the Met curatorial staff.


Images © Lee Friedlander, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery.